{"id":17109,"date":"2020-10-11T12:23:28","date_gmt":"2020-10-11T12:23:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/?p=17109"},"modified":"2020-10-11T14:28:07","modified_gmt":"2020-10-11T14:28:07","slug":"oracle-pl-sql-data-types-and-variables-and-literals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/11\/oracle-pl-sql-data-types-and-variables-and-literals\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle PL\/SQL Data Types and Variables and Literals"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article contains information about PL\/SQL Data Types and Variables and Literals.<\/p>\n

Oracle PL\/SQL Data Types<\/h2>\n

Data types indicate how data is stored in memory.<\/p>\n

PL \/ SQL has several data types to store data.<\/p>\n

PL \/ SQL data types are divided into four sections: Scalar, Large Object, Composite and Refence.<\/p>\n

1)Scalar Data Types in Oracle PL\/SQL<\/h3>\n

Scalar data types is a data type that store a single data such as NUMBER, DATE, BOOLEAN.<\/p>\n

Numeric Data Types in Oracle<\/h4>\n

PLS_INTEGER, BINARY_INTEGER, BINARY_FLOAT, BINARY_DOUBLE, NUMBER(prec, scale), DEC(prec, scale), DECIMAL(prec, scale), NUMERIC(pre, secale), DOUBLE PRECISION, FLOAT, INT, INTEGER, SMALLINT, REAL<\/p>\n

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;\r\nDECLARE\r\n    v_number_1 INT := 1;\r\n    v_number_2 INTEGER := 2;\r\n    v_number_3 PLS_INTEGER := 3;\r\n    v_number_4 DOUBLE PRECISION := 4;\r\nBEGIN\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_number_1);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_number_2);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_number_3);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_number_4);\r\nEND;<\/pre>\n
Character Data Types in Oracle<\/h4>\n
CHAR, VARCHAR2, RAW, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, LONG, LONG RAW, ROWID, UROWID<\/p>\n
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;\r\nDECLARE\r\n    v_myname_1 CHAR(5) := 'YUSUF';\r\n    v_myname_2 VARCHAR2(5) := 'YUSUF';\r\n    v_myname_3 NCHAR(5) := 'YUSUF';\r\n    v_myname_4 NVARCHAR2(5) := 'YUSUF';\r\nBEGIN\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_myname_1);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_myname_2);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_myname_3);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_myname_4);\r\nEND;<\/pre>\n
Boolean Data Types in Oracle<\/h4>\n
The BOOLEAN data type takes TRUE, FALSE and NULL.<\/p>\n
Datetime Data Types in Oracle<\/h4>\n
DATE, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL<\/p>\n
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;\r\nDECLARE\r\n    v_date DATE := SYSDATE;\r\n    v_date_hour TIMESTAMP := SYSTIMESTAMP;\r\n    v_month INTERVAL YEAR (2) TO MONTH := INTERVAL '15' MONTH;\r\nBEGIN\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_date);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_date_hour);\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_month);\r\nEND;<\/pre>\n
2)Large Object Data Types in Oracle PL\/SQL<\/h3>\n
Large Object data types are data types that store files such as text, images, and videos.<\/p>\n
BFILE, BLOB, CLOB, NCLOB<\/p>\n
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;\r\nDECLARE\r\n    v_file_name VARCHAR2(255) := 'elma.jpg';\r\n    v_file BFILE := bfilename('BLOB_DIR', v_file_name);\r\nBEGIN\r\n    NULL;\r\nEND;<\/pre>\n
3)Composite Data Types in Oracle PL\/SQL<\/h3>\n
Composite data types are data types such as Collections and Records.<\/p>\n
4)Reference Data Types in Oracle PL\/SQL<\/h3>\n
The reference data type is the data type that refers to the previously defined data types.<\/p>\n
NOTE:<\/strong> Some data types have the same feature.<\/p>\n
User Defined Data Types in Oracle PL\/SQL<\/h2>\n
We can define data types as follows.<\/p>\n
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;\r\nDECLARE\r\n    SUBTYPE name_surname IS VARCHAR2(80);\r\n    yusuf_sezer name_surname := 'Yusuf Sefa SEZER';\r\nBEGIN\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(yusuf_sezer);\r\nEND;<\/pre>\n
Unnecessary length of data is prevented by using user-defined data types.<\/p>\n
Also, developed PL\/SQL programs are provided to be more meaningful.<\/p>\n
Variables in Oracle PL\/SQL<\/h2>\n
PL\/SQL allows the use of variables to temporarily store data.<\/p>\n
We can define a variable as follows.<\/p>\n
variable_name [CONSTANT] data_type [NOT NULL] [:= | DEFAULT first_value_of_variable]<\/pre>\n
Variables can be up to 30 characters long.<\/p>\n
name_surname, v_name_surname<\/p>\n
Variables must start with the ASCII character.<\/p>\n
For example, a variable name cannot be 1_name_surname.<\/p>\n
v_name_surname VARCHAR2(80);<\/pre>\n
The keyword := and DEFAULT can be used to give initial values \u200b\u200bto variables.<\/p>\n
v_name_surname VARCHAR2(80) := 'Yusuf SEZER';<\/pre>\n
v_name_surname VARCHAR2(80) DEFAULT 'Yusuf SEZER';<\/pre>\n
The NOT NULL keyword can be used so that variables do not take NULL.<\/p>\n
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;\r\nDECLARE\r\n    v_name_surname VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL := 'Yusuf Sefa SEZER';\r\nBEGIN\r\n    --v_name_surname := ''; -- it will fail.\r\n    --v_name_surname := NULL; -- it will fail.\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(v_name_surname);\r\nEND;<\/pre>\n
The data type of the variable can be the data type of the column in the table.<\/p>\n
v_name_surname table.column%TYPE;<\/pre>\n
The CONSTANT keyword can be used to make the variable constant.<\/p>\n
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;\r\nDECLARE\r\n    PI CONSTANT NUMBER := 3.141592654;\r\nBEGIN\r\n    --PI := 1; -- it will fail.\r\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(PI);\r\nEND;<\/pre>\n
Literals in Oracle PL\/SQL<\/h2>\n
Literal values in PL\/SQL are called literal.<\/p>\n
‘Hello Oracle’<\/p>\n
TRUE, FALSE, NULL<\/p>\n
‘A’<\/p>\n
You can find more detailed information about below topics in the below link.<\/p>\n
PL\/SQL Tutorial<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
You will find below topics in this article.<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. What is PL\/SQL<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Oracle PL\/SQL Operators<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Oracle PL\/SQL Conditional Statements<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Oracle PL\/SQL Loops<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Oracle PL\/SQL Procedures and Procedure Parameters<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Oracle PL\/SQL Functions<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Oracle PL\/SQL Cursor<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Oracle PL\/SQL Records<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Oracle PL\/SQL Exception<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Oracle PL\/SQL Trigger<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  11. Oracle PL\/SQL Packages<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
  12. Oracle PL\/SQL Collections<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Also you can find more about data types at docs.oracle.com<\/a><\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n
    <\/path><\/svg><\/i> \"Loading\"<\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    This article contains information about PL\/SQL Data Types and Variables and Literals. Oracle PL\/SQL Data Types Data types indicate how data is stored in memory. PL \/ SQL has several data types to store data. PL \/ SQL data types are divided into four sections: Scalar, Large Object, Composite and Refence. 1)Scalar Data Types in …<\/p>\n
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