{"id":250,"date":"2018-06-11T20:33:06","date_gmt":"2018-06-11T20:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dbtut.com\/?p=250"},"modified":"2019-12-23T08:00:23","modified_gmt":"2019-12-23T08:00:23","slug":"what-is-vacuum-on-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/index.php\/2018\/06\/11\/what-is-vacuum-on-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Vacuum in PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What is Vacuum in PostgreSQL?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1.125rem; font-family: var(--text-font);\">When a delete operation is performed in Postgres, the deleted data is not deleted directly from the disk. The visibility of the rows disappears. <\/span>Vacuum puts a pointer to the visibility mapping. This pointer shows the block which the data was deleted from which block.\u00a0It then actually deletes the rows in the visibility mapping.<\/p>\n<p>In order to use these free spaces(it comes from deleted rows) again, it writes these free space in free space mapping (fsm).<\/p>\n<p>When a space is needed in the database, the space in the free space mapping are used.<\/p>\n<h2>What is Auto Vacuum?<\/h2>\n<p>If Auto Vacuum is enabled, Postgresql run <strong>Vacuum + Analyze<\/strong>(update statistics) according to specific parameters in the postgresql.conf. Auto vacuum is the default behavior of postgresql. That is, if you do not make any configuration changes, auto vacuum is enabled. You can change parameters such as minimum number of updated or deleted tuples needed to trigger a VACUUM, maximum number of autovacuum processes, from in the postgresql.conf file.<\/p>\n<h2>What is Vacuum FULL?<\/h2>\n<p>Vacuum FULL writes the entire table to a new disk space. Thus, wasted spaces(read vacuum section to understand why there are wasted space in the table) in the table return to the OS. But Vacuum Full put an Exclusive Lock on the table. So this cause interruption in your application. That&#8217;s why, if your table can not be interrupted and have high load, you should avoid\u00a0Vacuum FULL. To avoid Vacuum FULL, you should consider a method that decreases updates and deletes in the table.<\/p>\n<p><strong>As a result,<\/strong> if we run the Vacuum FULL, the empty spaces are shrinked and possibily the table size will be redueced.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Important Note1:<\/strong> If you want to run Vacuum FULL you should have disk space as much as your table size. Otherwise your disk will be full due to Vacuum FULL.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Important Note2:<\/strong> You must execute <strong>ANALYZE<\/strong> command to update statistics after execution of <strong>Vacuum<\/strong> or <strong>Vacuum FULL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Vacuum Example<\/h2>\n<h3>Disable Auto Vacuum<\/h3>\n<p>If you want to see how the vacuum works,\u00a0 disable the auto vacuum in the table with the following commands and insert it to see the table size.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">CREATE TABLE vaccum_test (col1 int);\nALTER TABLE vacuum_test SET (autovacuum_enabled=false,toast.autovacuum_enabled=false);\nINSERT INTO vacuum_test SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10000);\nSELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('vacuum_test'));<\/pre>\n<h4>Vacuum Table in PostgreSQL<\/h4>\n<p>With this command we are doing the vacuum operation for the table.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true  \">VACUUM vacuum_test;<\/pre>\n<h4>Analyze Table in PostgreSQL<\/h4>\n<p>With this command We update the statistics on the table<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">ANALYZE vacuum_test;<\/pre>\n<p>Finally,\u00a0 check the size of the table with the command pg_size_pretty. You will see that the table has become smaller.<\/p>\n<h4>Vacuum all tables in the Database<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">VACUUM;<\/pre>\n<h4>Analyze all tables in the Database<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">ANALYZE;<\/pre>\n<h4>Analyze Table<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">ANALYZE TableName;<\/pre>\n<h4>Vacuum FULL all tables in the Database<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">VACUUM FULL;<\/pre>\n<h4>Vacuum FULL Table<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">Vacuum TableName;<\/pre>\n<h4>Vacuum Activity Report<\/h4>\n<p>Below command execute VACUM FULL on a table and display an activity report of the Vacuum FULL process.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">Vacuum FULL VERBOSE TableName;<\/pre>\n\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_250\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"250\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Vacuum in PostgreSQL? When a delete operation is performed in Postgres, the deleted data is not deleted directly from the disk. The visibility of the rows disappears. Vacuum puts a pointer to the visibility mapping. This pointer shows the block which the data was deleted from which block.\u00a0It then actually deletes the rows &hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_250\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"250\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 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