{"id":2504,"date":"2018-09-03T13:45:14","date_gmt":"2018-09-03T13:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dbtut.com\/?p=2504"},"modified":"2018-11-24T16:43:27","modified_gmt":"2018-11-24T16:43:27","slug":"column-level-encryption-on-sql-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/index.php\/2018\/09\/03\/column-level-encryption-on-sql-server\/","title":{"rendered":"Column Level Encryption On SQL Server"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In SQL Server, sometimes you do not want anyone to see the contents of an important column in an important table.<\/p>\n<p>In such a case you can make this column encrypted.<\/p>\n<p>To make the column encrypted, you must first create a master key in the database with the following script.<\/p>\n<p>Since our example is for testing purposes, we gave it a simple password.<\/p>\n<p>When applying for production, you must provide a more complex password.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">USE AdventureWorks2014\r\nGO\r\nCREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PASSWORD = 'CLE123'\u00a0\r\nGO<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Then we create a certificate as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">USE AdventureWorks2014\r\nGO\r\nCREATE CERTIFICATE CreditCardCertificate\r\n\u00a0\u00a0 WITH SUBJECT = 'Credit Card Numbers';\u00a0\r\nGO<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Then we create our Symmetric Key as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">USE AdventureWorks2014\r\nGO\r\nCREATE SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCardKey\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE CreditCardCertificate ;<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We create the table to be encrypted as follows.<\/p>\n<p>In this table we will encrypt the CreaditCardNo column.<\/p>\n<p>So we set the data type varbinary. The reason for this is that the return type of the ENCRYPTBYKEY function is varbinary.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">USE AdventureWorks2014\r\nGO\r\nCREATE TABLE dbo.CreditCards\r\n(\r\nID int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),\r\nName varchar(200) NOT NULL,\r\nSurname varchar(200) NOT NULL,\r\nCreditCardNo varbinary(128) NOT NULL\r\n)\u00a0 ON [PRIMARY]\r\nGO<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Now let&#8217;s try to enter data into this table.<\/p>\n<p>If you use the following script, it will fail because you have not opened the symmetric key you have defined.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">DECLARE @Key AS UNIQUEIDENTIFIER\r\nSET @Key = Key_GUID('CreditCardKey ')\r\n\r\nIF( @Key is not null )\r\nBEGIN\r\nINSERT INTO [dbo].[CreditCards]([Name],[Surname],[CreditCardNo]) \r\nVALUES ( 'Nurullah','CAKIR', encryptbykey( @Key, N'1111-1111-1111-1111'))\r\n\r\nINSERT INTO [dbo].[CreditCards]([Name],[Surname],[CreditCardNo]) \r\nVALUES ( 'Faruk','ERDEM', encryptbykey( @Key, N'2222-2222-2222-2222'))\r\n\r\nINSERT INTO [dbo].[CreditCards]([Name],[Surname],[CreditCardNo]) \r\nVALUES ( 'Dilara','AYDIN', encryptbykey( @Key, N'3333-3333-3333-3333'))\r\nEND\r\nELSE\r\nBEGIN\r\nPRINT 'Symmetric was not found..'\r\nEND<\/pre>\n<p>The error message you get will look like this:<\/p>\n<p><em>Msg 515, Level 16, State 2, Line 21<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Cannot insert the value NULL into column &#8216;CreditCardNo&#8217;, table &#8216;AdventureWorks2014.dbo.CreditCards&#8217;; column does not allow nulls. INSERT fails.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You should put the following script at the beginning of the query.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCardKey\r\n\u00a0\u00a0 DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE CreditCardCertificate;<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You should put the following script at the end of the query.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCardKey;<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So we added our records.<\/p>\n<p>You will see that our data is encrypted when we take a SELECT to the table as follows.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/dbtut.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/651.png\" width=\"665\" height=\"141\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>How do we get there when we want to reach the unencrypted state of these columns?<\/p>\n<p>We can decrypt the encrypted data by using the following script.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCardKey\r\n\u00a0\u00a0 DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE CreditCardCertificate;\u00a0\r\nSELECT ID,Name,Surname, CONVERT(NVARCHAR, DecryptByKey(CreditCardNo)) as 'Credit Card Numbers'\r\n\u00a0 FROM [AdventureWorks2014].[dbo].[CreditCards]\r\nCLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCardKey;<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>As you can see below, our data will come in their original state.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/dbtut.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/803.png\" width=\"628\" height=\"206\" \/><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_2504\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2504\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; In SQL Server, sometimes you do not want anyone to see the contents of an important column in an important table. In such a case you can make this column encrypted. To make the column encrypted, you must first create a master key in the database with the following script. Since our example is &hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_2504\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2504\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-mssql"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - 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