{"id":4602,"date":"2018-11-02T21:39:53","date_gmt":"2018-11-02T21:39:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/?p=4602"},"modified":"2018-12-03T22:41:48","modified_gmt":"2018-12-03T22:41:48","slug":"what-you-should-know-before-changing-mysql-max_connections-variable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/index.php\/2018\/11\/02\/what-you-should-know-before-changing-mysql-max_connections-variable\/","title":{"rendered":"What you should know before changing MySQL max_connections variable"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Have you tried connecting to your MySQL server only to get the annoying error, &#8220;too many connections&#8221; ? This means that the number of available connections are in use by other clients on the server. And it can be quite annoying to get this error especially when you have an urgent need to access your MySQL environment.<\/p>\n<p>Luckily, you can easily fix this with the max_connections setting in your environment. <strong>Before you get started, there are a few things to know about the max_connections setting.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>MySQL uses memory in 2 ways :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Global buffers and<\/li>\n<li>per connection buffers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>Generally speaking global memory is allocated once\u00a0when the server starts and per connection memory allocations are for each connection. In order to change the max_connections is critical to not exceed your Total RAM Memory. The following formula can help to calculate the memory allocation in MySQL :<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">Total RAM Allocated TO MySQL =\u00a0MySQL\u00a0Global Buffers Variables +\u00a0(max_connections * MySQL Session Buffers variables)\u00a0\r\n\r\nor\u00a0\r\n\r\nmax_connections =\u00a0(Total RAM Allocated TO MySQL -\u00a0MySQL\u00a0Global Variable memory)\u00a0 \/\u00a0MySQL session Buffers variables<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Main Global Buffers Variables that impact\u00a0 Memory order by importance :<\/h3>\n<p>1- <strong>innodb_buffer_pool_size<\/strong> :\u00a0 the size in bytes of the memory buffer InnoDB\u00a0uses to cache data and indexes of its tables. The larger you set this value, the less disk I\/O is needed to access data in tables.\u00a0On a dedicated database server, you may set this\u00a0to up to 80% of the machine physical memory\u00a0size. However, do not set it too large because\u00a0competition for physical memory might cause\u00a0paging in the operating system<\/p>\n<p>2-\u00a0<strong>innodb_log_buffer_size<\/strong> :\u00a0The size in bytes of the buffer that <code class=\"literal\">InnoDB<\/code> uses to write to the log files on disk. The default value changed from 8MB to 16MB with the introduction of 32KB and 64KB <a class=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/5.7\/en\/innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_page_size\"><code class=\"literal\">innodb_page_size<\/code><\/a> values. A large log buffer enables large transactions to run without the need to write the log to disk before the transactions commit. Thus, if you have transactions that update, insert, or delete many rows, making the log buffer larger saves disk I\/O.<\/p>\n<p>3-\u00a0<strong>key_buffer_size<\/strong> :\u00a0Index blocks for MyISAM tables are buffered and\u00a0are shared by all threads. key_buffer_size is the\u00a0size of the buffer used for index blocks;\u00a0 The maximum allowable setting for key_buffer_size is 4GB on 32-bit platforms. As of\u00a0MySQL 5.0.52, values larger than 4GB are\u00a0allowed for 64-bit platforms.\u00a0 Using a value that is 25% of total memory on a machine that mainly runs\u00a0 MySQL is quite\u00a0common. However, if you make the value too large\u00a0your system might start to page and become\u00a0extremely slow<\/p>\n<p>4-\u00a0<strong>table_open_cache<\/strong> :\u00a0The number of open tables for all threads.\u00a0Increasing this value increases the number of file\u00a0descriptors that mysqld requires.\u00a0You can check whether you need to increase the\u00a0table\u00a0 cache by checking the Opened_tables status\u00a0variable. If the value of Opened_tables is\u00a0constantly increasing and you don&#8217;t do FLUSH\u00a0TABLES often (which just forces all tables to be\u00a0closed and reopened), then you should increase\u00a0the value of the table_open_cache variable<\/p>\n<p>5-\u00a0<strong>thread_cache_size<\/strong> :\u00a0threads the server should cache for reuse.<\/p>\n<p>6-\u00a0<strong>query_cache_size <\/strong>:\u00a0The amount of memory allocated for caching\u00a0query results.\u00a0Default value is 0, which disables the query cache. Allowable values are multiples of 1024; other\u00a0values are rounded down to the nearest multiple.\u00a0Note that query_cache_size bytes of memory are\u00a0allocated even if query_cache_type is set to 0.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Main Sessions Variables that impact Memory order by importance :<\/h3>\n<p>1-\u00a0<strong>tmp_table_size<\/strong> : Maximum size of internal in-memory temporary tables.\u00a0(The actual limit is determined as the smaller of\u00a0max_heap_table_size and tmp_table_size.) If an in-memory temporary table exceeds the limit,\u00a0MySQL automatically converts it to an on-disk &#8220;MyISAM\u00a0table&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>2-\u00a0<strong>read_buffer_size<\/strong> :\u00a0Each thread that does a sequential scan allocates a\u00a0buffer of this size (in bytes) for\u00a0each\u00a0table it scans. If\u00a0you do many sequential scans, you might want to\u00a0increase this value. The value of this variable should be a multiple of 4KB. If it is set to a value that is not a multiple of 4KB, its value will be rounded down to the nearest multiple of\u00a04KB.\u00a0 The maximum allowable setting is 2GB though we do\u00a0not normally recommend having it higher then 8M.<\/p>\n<p>3-\u00a0<strong>read_rnd_buffer_size <\/strong>:\u00a0When reading rows in sorted order following a key-sorting operation, the rows are read through this buffer\u00a0to avoid disk seeks.\u00a0Setting the variable to a large value can\u00a0 improve\u00a0ORDER BY performance by a lot.\u00a0The maximum allowable setting is 2GB though we do\u00a0not normally recommend having it higher then 8M.<\/p>\n<p>4-\u00a0<strong>sort_buffer_size <\/strong>:\u00a0Each thread that needs to do a sort allocates a buffer\u00a0of this size. Increase this value for faster ORDER BY\u00a0or GROUP BY operations.<\/p>\n<p>5-\u00a0bulk_insert_buffer_size :\u00a0MyISAM uses a special tree-like cache to make bulk\u00a0inserts faster for INSERT &#8230; SELECT, INSERT &#8230;\u00a0VALUES (&#8230;), (&#8230;), &#8230;, and LOAD DATA INFILE when\u00a0adding\u00a0 data to\u00a0non-empty\u00a0tables. Limits the size of the cache tree in bytes per thread.<\/p>\n<p>6-\u00a0<strong>join_buffer_size <\/strong>:\u00a0size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans,\u00a0range index scans, and joins that do not use indexes\u00a0and thus perform full table scans.\u00a0the best way to get fast joins is to add indexes.<\/p>\n<p>7-\u00a0<strong>max_allowed_packet <\/strong>:\u00a0maximum size of one packet or any\u00a0generated\/intermediate string.\u00a0The packet message buffer is initialized to\u00a0net_buffer_length bytes, but can grow up to\u00a0max_allowed_packet bytes when needed.\u00a0value by default is small, to catch large (possibly\u00a0incorrect) packets. You must increase this value if you\u00a0are using large BLOB columns or long\u00a0strings.\u00a0 It\u00a0should be as big as the largest BLOB you want to use.<\/p>\n<p>8 &#8211; When use MyISAM engine following variable must be included in the RAM allocation per connection as well :\u00a0<strong>myisam_max_sort_file_size <\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>myisam_sort_buffer_size<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example of MySQL Total Memory allocation for 500 Connections you can change this number to see max memory allocation for MySQL :\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">SELECT (@@key_buffer_size + @@innodb_buffer_pool_size + @@innodb_log_buffer_size + @@query_cache_size + @@tmp_table_size + \r\n@@thread_cache_size + 500 * (@@read_buffer_size + @@read_rnd_buffer_size + @@sort_buffer_size + @@join_buffer_size + \r\n@@binlog_cache_size + @@thread_stack + @@bulk_insert_buffer_size ) ) \/ 1073741824 AS MAX_MEMORY_GB;<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Once you&#8217;re comfortable with the value of max_connections for your environment you can use SET command below :<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">SET GLOBAL max_connections=xx;<\/pre>\n\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_4602\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"4602\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Have you tried connecting to your MySQL server only to get the annoying error, &#8220;too many connections&#8221; ? This means that the number of available connections are in use by other clients on the server. And it can be quite annoying to get this error especially when you have an urgent need to access &hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_4602\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"4602\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[589,1301,1551,1552,1553],"class_list":["post-4602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-mysql","tag-max_connections","tag-mysql","tag-mysql-global-buffers","tag-session-buffers","tag-total-ram-allocated-to-mysql"],"aioseo_notices":[],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":261,"today_views":0},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - 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