{"id":54499,"date":"2023-05-15T20:02:39","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T20:02:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/?p=54499"},"modified":"2023-05-15T20:04:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-15T20:04:12","slug":"what-is-oracle-control-file","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dbtut.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/15\/what-is-oracle-control-file\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Oracle Control File"},"content":{"rendered":"

In today’s article, I will be explaining what is Oracle Control File, its place in the operating system, how to back it up and what is kept.<\/p>\n

Control File,<\/p>\n

The name of our database,<\/p>\n

Names and locations of Data Files,<\/p>\n

Names and locations of online redo log files,<\/p>\n

Sequence number of the online redo log file in use,<\/p>\n

Checkpoint information,<\/p>\n

If the database is in archive mode and backup is taken, the names and locations of the RMAN backup files,<\/p>\n

It is a small binary file that stores the sequence numbers of the archive log files required for successful recovery of the backup.<\/p>\n

Its extension is *.ctl. We can see where these files are in the operating system with the following command.<\/p>\n

[root@DBONUR ~]# locate *control*.ctl\r\n\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/control01.ctl\r\n\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/control02.ctl\r\n\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/control01.ctl\r\n\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/control02.ctl<\/pre>\n
Control file content can only be viewed properly when backed up as a trace file. Trace file can also be backed up as follows.<\/p>\n
1. SID information of the user logged into the database is learned.<\/p>\n
\tSQL>  SELECT SID FROM V$SESSION WHERE USERNAME='SYS';\r\n\t\r\n\t       SID\r\n\t----------\r\n\t       131\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
2. We can back up the content of Control File as a trace file with the following command.,<\/p>\n
SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;\r\n\t\r\nDatabase altered.<\/pre>\n
3. To find which trace file the backup is in, we run the following command.<\/p>\n
\tSQL> SELECT TRACEFILE FROM V$PROCESS JOIN V$SESSION ON (ADDR=PADDR) WHERE SID=131;\r\n\t\r\n\tTRACEFILE\r\n\t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/onurdb\/ONURDB\/trace\/ONURDB_ora_9021.trc<\/pre>\n
4. The contents of the trace file are opened with the vi text editor.<\/p>\n
\tTrace file \/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/onurdb\/ONURDB\/trace\/ONURDB_ora_20802.trc\r\n\tOracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production\r\n\tWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options\r\n\tORACLE_HOME = \/oracle\/ora11g\r\n\tSystem name:\tLinux\r\n\tNode name:\tDBONUR\r\n\tRelease:\t2.6.18-348.el5\r\n\tVersion:\t#1 SMP Wed Nov 28 21:22:00 EST 2012\r\n\tMachine:\tx86_64\r\n\tVM name:\tVMWare Version: 6\r\n\tInstance name: ONURDB\r\n\tRedo thread mounted by this instance: 1\r\n\tOracle process number: 22\r\n\tUnix process pid: 20802, image: oracle@DBONUR\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t*** 2015-06-26 17:12:10.345\r\n\t*** SESSION ID:(129.157) 2015-06-26 17:12:10.345\r\n\t*** CLIENT ID:() 2015-06-26 17:12:10.345\r\n\t*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2015-06-26 17:12:10.345\r\n\t*** MODULE NAME:(TOAD 9.5.0.31) 2015-06-26 17:12:10.345\r\n\t*** ACTION NAME:() 2015-06-26 17:12:10.345\r\n\t \r\n\t-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related\r\n\t-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=ONURDB_%t_%s_%r.arc\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME=\"ONURDB\"\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4\r\n\t-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL\r\n\t-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?\/dbs\/arch\r\n\t-- FAL_CLIENT=''\r\n\t-- FAL_SERVER=''\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB'\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'\r\n\t-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new\r\n\t-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens\r\n\t-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if\r\n\t-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second\r\n\t-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used\r\n\t-- if online logs are unavailable.\r\n\t-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into\r\n\t-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a\r\n\t-- need to re-create the control file.\r\n\t--\r\n\t--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it\r\n\t-- to open the database.\r\n\t-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.\r\n\t-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline\r\n\t-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are\r\n\t-- available.\r\n\t-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL\r\n\t-- statement will place the database in the appropriate\r\n\t-- protection mode:\r\n\t--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE\r\n\tSTARTUP NOMOUNT\r\n\tCREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE \"ONURDB\" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG\r\n\t    MAXLOGFILES 16\r\n\t    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3\r\n\t    MAXDATAFILES 100\r\n\t    MAXINSTANCES 8\r\n\t    MAXLOGHISTORY 292\r\n\tLOGFILE\r\n\t  GROUP 1 '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,\r\n\t  GROUP 2 '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,\r\n\t  GROUP 3 '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512\r\n\t-- STANDBY LOGFILE\r\n\tDATAFILE\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/system01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/sysaux01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/undotbs01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/users01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/webtvnew01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/webtvnew02.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/hr_bigts.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/undotbs02.dbf'\r\n\tCHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P9\r\n\t;\r\n\t-- Commands to re-create incarnation table\r\n\t-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on\r\n\t-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to\r\n\t-- re-create incarnation records.\r\n\t-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/ONURDB_1_1_824297850.arc';\r\n\t-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/ONURDB_1_1_880719621.arc';\r\n\t-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/ONURDB_1_1_882032561.arc';\r\n\t-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,\r\n\t-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.\r\n\tRECOVER DATABASE\r\n\t-- Database can now be opened normally.\r\n\tALTER DATABASE OPEN;\r\n\t-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.\r\n\t-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.\r\n\t-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.\r\n\tALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/temp01.dbf'\r\n\t     SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;\r\n\t-- End of tempfile additions.\r\n\t--\r\n\t--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case\r\n\t--\r\n\t-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it\r\n\t-- to open the database.\r\n\t-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.\r\n\t-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will\r\n\t-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.\r\n\t-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL\r\n\t-- statement will place the database in the appropriate\r\n\t-- protection mode:\r\n\t--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE\r\n\tSTARTUP NOMOUNT\r\n\tCREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE \"ONURDB\" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG\r\n\t    MAXLOGFILES 16\r\n\t    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3\r\n\t    MAXDATAFILES 100\r\n\t    MAXINSTANCES 8\r\n\t    MAXLOGHISTORY 292\r\n\tLOGFILE\r\n\t  GROUP 1 '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,\r\n\t  GROUP 2 '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,\r\n\t  GROUP 3 '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512\r\n\t-- STANDBY LOGFILE\r\n\tDATAFILE\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/system01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/sysaux01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/undotbs01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/users01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/webtvnew01.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/webtvnew02.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/hr_bigts.dbf',\r\n\t  '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/undotbs02.dbf'\r\n\tCHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P9\r\n\t;\r\n\t-- Commands to re-create incarnation table\r\n\t-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on\r\n\t-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to\r\n\t-- re-create incarnation records.\r\n\t-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/ONURDB_1_1_824297850.arc';\r\n\t-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/ONURDB_1_1_880719621.arc';\r\n\t-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB\/ONURDB_1_1_882032561.arc';\r\n\t-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,\r\n\t-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.\r\n\tRECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE\r\n\t-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.\r\n\tALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;\r\n\t-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.\r\n\t-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.\r\n\t-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.\r\n\tALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/temp01.dbf'\r\n\t     SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;\r\n\t-- End of tempfile additions.\r\n\t--\r\n<\/pre>\n
You can find out what is kept in the Control File by querying the v$controlfile_record_section view. In the v$controlfile view, the names and locations of our control files can be seen.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
While opening the database, we can learn where and what the control files are, according to the control_files parameter registered in the spfile or pfile parameter file in the NOMOUNT step.<\/p>\n
If it cannot find even one of the control files in the specified names or places, it cannot proceed to the MOUNT step and an error is received.<\/p>\n
This can be seen with the test below.<\/p>\n
1. The names and locations of Control Files are learned from the Pfile parameter file.<\/p>\n
\t-bash-3.2$ cd \/oracle\/ora11g\/dbs\/\r\n\t-bash-3.2$ ll\r\n\ttotal 24\r\n\t-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jun 26 16:00 hc_ONURDB.dat\r\n\t-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  803 May 26 17:09 initONURDB.ora\r\n\t-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora\r\n\t-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 May 26 12:20 lkONURDB\r\n\t-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 May 28 12:37 orapwONURDB\r\n\t-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Jun 28 10:03 spfileONURDB.ora\r\n\t\r\n\t-bash-3.2$ vi initONURDB.ora\r\n\tONURDB.__db_cache_size=654311424\r\n\tONURDB.__java_pool_size=16777216\r\n\tONURDB.__large_pool_size=33554432\r\n\tONURDB.__oracle_base='\/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment\r\n\tONURDB.__pga_aggregate_target=637534208\r\n\tONURDB.__sga_target=1023410176\r\n\tONURDB.__shared_io_pool_size=0\r\n\tONURDB.__shared_pool_size=301989888\r\n\tONURDB.__streams_pool_size=0\r\n\t*.audit_file_dest='\/oracle\/admin\/ONURDB\/adump'\r\n\t*.audit_trail='db'\r\n\t*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'\r\n\t*.control_files='\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/control01.ctl','\/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/control02.ctl'\r\n\t*.db_block_size=8192\r\n\t*.db_domain=''\r\n\t*.db_name='ONURDB'\r\n\t*.diagnostic_dest='\/oracle'\r\n\t*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ONURDBXDB)'\r\n\t*.log_archive_dest_1='location=\/oracle\/ora11g\/backup_ONURDB'\r\n\t*.log_archive_format='ONURDB_%t_%s_%r.arc'\r\n\t*.memory_target=1655701504\r\n\t*.open_cursors=300\r\n\t*.processes=150\r\n\t*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'\r\n*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'<\/pre>\n
Or run the command below while on the SQL prompt.<\/p>\n
\tSQL> show parameter control_files\r\n\t\r\n\tNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE\r\n\t------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------\r\n\tcontrol_files                        string      \/oracle\/ora11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONU\r\n\t                                                 RDB\/control01.ctl, \/oracle\/ora\r\n\t                                                 11g\/data_ONURDB\/ONURDB\/control\r\n\t                                                 02.ctl\r\n<\/pre>\n
2. Change the name of one of the Control Files.<\/p>\n
\t-bash-3.2$ mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.old\r\n<\/pre>\n
3. The database is closed.<\/p>\n
\tSQL> shutdown immediate;\r\n\tDatabase closed.\r\n\tDatabase dismounted.\r\nORACLE instance shut down.<\/pre>\n
4. The database opens.<\/p>\n
\tSQL> startup\r\n\tORACLE instance started.\r\n\t\r\n\tTotal System Global Area 1653518336 bytes\r\n\tFixed Size                  2253784 bytes\r\n\tVariable Size             989858856 bytes\r\n\tDatabase Buffers          654311424 bytes\r\n\tRedo Buffers                7094272 bytes\r\n\tORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info\r\n<\/pre>\n
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<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In today’s article, I will be explaining what is Oracle Control File, its place in the operating system, how to back it up and what is kept. Control File, The name of our database, Names and locations of Data Files, Names and locations of online redo log files, Sequence number of the online redo log …<\/p>\n
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