This article introduces how to build a MySQL on Linux quickly. This’s often used to build a temporary MySQL for testing. In short, we only need three steps: check, download package, install.
First of all, check the disk space and the memory:
These pictures are from my virtual machine(It’s very similar with a physical machine).
I will store the MySQL installation files on /usr/local/mysql80, and data files on /data/mysql8001. So look at the picture, the free space on ‘/’ is enough for me.
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The remaining 2626 MB of memory is enough for me. In the production environment, you should evaluate the required memory size and the disk size。
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Second, prepare related directories and files
1 | cd /usr/local |
Download MySQL package:
Open https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ , and choose a suitable package.
Check out the version of Linux:
1 | uname -a |
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I download MySQL Community Server 8.0.12 this time, and you can also download a previous version by click the “Looking for previous GA versions?”
Choose mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz to download(You can copy the download address or download to your computer and move to the server). Then click “Download”.
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Then click “No thanks, just start my download.” to download.
Also you can right click, choose “Copy link address“, then using wget COMMAND download it on your server:
1 | wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz |
After downloading, use the tar command to extract the package:
1 2 3 4 5 | tar -xf mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz mv mv mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql80 cd /usr/local/mysql80 |
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Third, Initialize MySQL service
We can find the mysqld binary file at ./bin, and for more help, using ./mysqld –verbose –help :
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For a easy installation, we can just use few options:
1 | ./mysqld --datadir=/data/mysql8001 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql80 --port=8001 --initialize --user=root |
2018-08-13T11:20:53.780874Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] ‘Disabling symbolic links using –skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it’ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2018-08-13T11:20:53.780924Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010143] [Server] Ignoring user change to ‘root’ because the user was set to ‘mysql’ earlier on the command line
2018-08-13T11:20:53.780974Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 6281
2018-08-13T11:20:59.265648Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: mqlbs9,&sDkC
2018-08-13T11:21:00.738834Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server has completed
Then we get a temporary password from the above information.
After initializing, we should start the MySQL server:
1 | ./mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql8001 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql80 --port=8001 --log-error=/tmp/8001-err.log --socket=/tmp/mysql8001.sock --pid-file=/data/mysql8001/mysql8001.pid --user=root & |
2018-08-13T11:23:30.977379Z mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/tmp/8001-err.log’.
2018-08-13T11:23:31.001444Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql8001
Log in to server using the MySQL client:
1 | ./mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql8001.sock -P8001 |
Paste the temporary password from the previous information:
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After logging in, the first thing is changing the password for ‘root@localhost’, and then creating related users. Otherwise, you can do nothing.
1 | mysql> show databases; |
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
1 | mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'ws@passwd'; |
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Then, exit and reconnect with new password:
Until now, MySQL server has been installed, usually, we’d like to save the mysqld options on a file named my.cnf, and use –defaults-file for a simpler installation: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/option-files.html
There are many options of [mysqld], and these options have different effects for the data safety, the performance and so on. You can find the details on the “Reference Manual“(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/).